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feat(adr): Phase 0 - ADR-001 Monolithic SPA Architecture Decision (D2)
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Decision: ACCEPT Monolithic SPA (Vue 3 + TypeScript + Pinia)
- Single Vite build, fast delivery (18-week timeline feasible)
- 7-layer architecture: Presentation → State → API Client → Domain → Repository → Infrastructure → External
- 4-layer component hierarchy: Primitive → Typed Field → Domain Field → Business Composite
- 11 CRUD templates standardized for all entities
- Alternatives rejected: Micro-Frontend (too complex), Separate Frontends (scope creep), Low-Code (vendor lock-in)
- Consequences: Fast delivery, unified codebase, maintainability vs monolith brittleness (mitigated by blue-green deployment)
- Phase 1-4 implementation plan: Dev env → Primitives → Smart Components → Full CRUD + E2E (116 test scenarios)
- Bundle target: <500KB (gzip), Lighthouse 90+, P95 response <250ms
- Team: 13 FTE (4 FE, 2 BE, 1 UX, 2 QA, 1 DevOps, 0.5 security, 0.5 docs)
- Validation: Stakeholder sign-off, component taxonomy, API contract lock-down before Phase 1

D2 Phase 0 deliverable status: COMPLETE
- D1: OpenAPI spec ✅
- D2: ADR-001 Monolithic SPA ✅
- D3: Database Schema v1 ✅
- D4: Component Taxonomy ⏳
- D5: CLAUDE.md Integration ⏳

Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# ADR-001: Monolithic SPA Architecture for OMS·WMS·ERP Platform
**Status**: ACCEPTED (2026-07-26)
**Date**: 2026-07-26
**Deciders**: Product Manager, Technical Lead, Architecture Team
**Related Decisions**: [Strategic Execution Framework (Spec 61)](spec/61_strategic_execution_framework.yaml), [OpenAPI (Spec 63)](spec/63_oms_wms_erp_api_openapi.yaml), [Database Schema (Spec 64)](spec/64_oms_wms_erp_database_schema.sql)
---
## Context
OMS·WMS·ERP commercialization requires unified platform architecture decision to balance:
1. **Time-to-Market**: 18-week Phase 0-11 roadmap (4.5 months)
2. **Team Capacity**: 13 FTE (4 frontend devs, 2 backend, 1 UX, 2 QA, infrastructure)
3. **Maintenance Burden**: Long-term operational cost
4. **Scalability**: Peak load (100 concurrent users during peak hours, future 1000+)
5. **Team Skill Set**: Experienced Vue 2 team, transitioning to Vue 3 + TypeScript
6. **Feature Complexity**: 11 CRUD templates, 5 user roles, audit/compliance requirements
### Problem Statement
"Should we build a **single monolithic SPA** or adopt **micro-frontend architecture**?"
**Tradeoff Matrix**:
| Factor | Monolithic | Micro-Frontend |
|--------|-----------|---|
| **Time-to-Market** | ✅ Fast (single build, shared state) | ❌ Slower (coordination, build complexity) |
| **Team Efficiency** | ✅ Shared code/patterns | ❌ Potential duplication |
| **Deployment Risk** | ⚠️ Full redeploy | ✅ Independent deploys (but coordination complexity) |
| **Complexity (Initial)** | ✅ Simple (one codebase) | ❌ Complex (module federation, routing) |
| **State Management** | ✅ Centralized (Pinia) | ⚠️ Distributed (synchronization overhead) |
| **Learning Curve** | ✅ Single pattern | ❌ Multiple architectural patterns |
| **Future Modularity** | ⚠️ Refactoring cost | ✅ Already isolated |
---
## Decision
**ADOPT: Monolithic SPA Architecture**
### Rationale
1. **Time-to-Market (P0 Priority)**
- Single Vite build pipeline → faster CI/CD turnaround
- Shared Pinia store eliminates cross-module synchronization
- No module federation complexity (can add in Phase 12+ if needed)
- Team can move fast on core 11 CRUD templates without coordination overhead
2. **Team Efficiency (13 FTE Constraint)**
- 4 frontend devs work on unified codebase (not split into silos)
- Shared component library reduces duplication
- PR reviews simpler (single review standard)
- Onboarding new devs easier (one architectural pattern)
3. **Scalability Headroom**
- 100 concurrent users = 50-100 backend requests/sec (well within SPA capacity)
- PostgreSQL backend can handle 10K+ concurrent connections
- Browser memory: Pinia store + Vue tree ~5-10MB even at 1000 concurrent
- Future scale-out: Independent microservices backend (no frontend change needed)
4. **Data Consistency (Principle 3)**
- Centralized Pinia store = single source of truth for all entities
- No client-side replication or sync logic
- Audit trail via PostgreSQL audit_logs (all mutations captured)
- JWT tokens + RBAC enforced server-side (client trusted for UX only)
5. **Cost Efficiency**
- Single deployment pipeline = lower ops cost
- Monolithic codebase = faster debugging and troubleshooting
- No microservices orchestration overhead (Kubernetes, service mesh)
### Architectural Layers (7-Layer Model)
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 1. Presentation Layer (Vue 3 SPA) │
│ - 4-layer component hierarchy │
│ - Tabler UI + Bootstrap 5 + Storybook │
│ - Responsive + WCAG 2.1 AA │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 2. State Management (Pinia) │
│ - Entity stores (orders, inventory, products) │
│ - UI state (modals, notifications, routing) │
│ - Auth store (user, roles, permissions) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 3. API Client Layer (Axios + Auto-Generated) │
│ - Type-safe: OpenAPI → TypeScript SDK │
│ - Interceptors: JWT refresh, error handling │
│ - Offline support: Request queue (Phase 12+) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 4. Domain Layer (Business Logic) │
│ - Computed properties (qty_available, totals) │
│ - Validation rules (duplicate checks, constraints) │
│ - Formatters (currency, date, status labels) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 5. Repository Layer (Data Access Patterns) │
│ - Cache strategies (LRU, TTL) │
│ - Optimistic updates (e.g., reorder lines) │
│ - Pagination (lazy load, infinite scroll) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 6. Infrastructure (Routing, Navigation, Config) │
│ - Vue Router (lazy-loaded per route) │
│ - Global error boundaries │
│ - Feature flags (Phase 12+) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 7. External Services (Backend APIs + 3P) │
│ - REST APIs (OpenAPI 3.0) │
│ - JWT authentication │
│ - Real-time updates (WebSocket Phase 12+) │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
### 4-Layer Component Hierarchy
```
Layer 1: Primitive Components
├─ ButtonBase, InputBase, SelectBase, TextBase
└─ Reusable, no business logic, full a11y
Layer 2: Typed Field Components
├─ TextField, DateField, CurrencyField, StatusField
└─ Domain-aware validation, formatting, labels
Layer 3: Domain Field Components
├─ OrderLineField, InventoryField, VoucherLineField
└─ Business rules, inline lookups, multi-field composition
Layer 4: Business Composite Components
├─ OrderForm, InventoryTransferWizard, VoucherEditor
└─ Full workflows, state orchestration, audit trail
```
### 11 CRUD Templates Standardization
All 11 entity CRUD flows follow **uniform pattern** (List → Create → Read → Edit → Delete):
| Entity | API Endpoints | UI Components | Test Coverage |
|--------|--------------|---------------|---|
| **Order** | 6 (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE + list, detail) | OrderList, OrderDetail, OrderForm | 30 E2E scenarios |
| **OrderLine** | Nested CRUD (in order context) | LineEditor (inline in form) | 10 E2E |
| **Inventory** | 6 | InventoryList, TransferWizard | 15 E2E |
| **StockTransfer** | 6 | TransferForm, ApprovalMatrix | 12 E2E |
| **Product** | 6 | ProductList, ProductForm | 10 E2E |
| **Supplier** | 6 | SupplierList, SupplierForm | 8 E2E |
| **Customer** | 6 | CustomerList, CustomerForm | 8 E2E |
| **GLAccount** | 6 | AccountList, AccountForm | 8 E2E |
| **Voucher** | 6 | VoucherEditor (line-by-line) | 15 E2E |
| **User** | 6 | UserList, UserForm, PermissionMatrix | 12 E2E |
| **Warehouse** | 6 | WarehouseList, WarehouseForm | 8 E2E |
**Total E2E Coverage**: 116 test scenarios (Phase 4 milestone)
---
## Consequences
### ✅ Positive
1. **Faster Delivery**
- Single build pipeline: ~3 min build time
- CI/CD simpler: No cross-module coordination
- Feature complete by Phase 4 (week 8) for UAT
2. **Maintainability**
- Unified codebase = easier debugging
- All devs understand full system
- Refactoring easier (no hidden dependencies)
3. **Data Consistency**
- Pinia store = single source of truth
- No sync issues between independent UIs
- Audit trail via PostgreSQL (not client-side)
4. **User Experience**
- Instant navigation (no full-page reloads)
- Smooth transitions between modules
- Consistent look & feel (unified design system)
5. **Test Coverage**
- 50/30/20 pyramid: unit (50%) → integration (30%) → E2E (20%)
- All 116 E2E scenarios in single test suite
- Deterministic tests (single state source)
### ⚠️ Negative (Mitigations)
1. **Monolith Brittleness**
- **Problem**: One bad release breaks entire app
- **Mitigation**: Strict pre-deployment checklist (Phase 5+), blue-green deployment, 6-point health checks
2. **Large Bundle Size**
- **Problem**: Initial load time if all code bundled
- **Mitigation**: Lazy-load routes per module, code split at route level, target <500KB main chunk (Lighthouse 90+)
3. **Shared State Complexity**
- **Problem**: Pinia store grows as features added
- **Mitigation**: Modular stores (orders, inventory, users modules), clear naming, documentation
4. **Scaling to 1000+ Users**
- **Problem**: Browser memory, server load
- **Mitigation**: Pagination (not all records in memory), connection pooling (PostgreSQL), infrastructure scale-out (Phase 12+)
5. **Future Microfront-End Transition**
- **Problem**: If modularity needed later, refactoring cost
- **Mitigation**: Component library + API contracts locked down early, can extract UI module → separate SPA in Phase 13+
---
## Alternatives Considered
### 1. Micro-Frontend Architecture (Module Federation)
**Approach**: Each CRUD entity (Order, Inventory, etc.) as independent webpack Module Federation remote
**Pros**:
- Independent deployments per module
- Teams can work in parallel without merge conflicts
- Better long-term modularity
**Cons**:
- ❌ Shared state synchronization complexity (events, bus, sync failures)
- ❌ Build time: 9-12 min (multiple builds + federation setup)
- ❌ 18-week timeline NOT feasible (needs 20+ weeks for coordination overhead)
- ❌ Learning curve (few devs experienced in Module Federation)
- ❌ CI/CD complexity (version matrix: Order v1-v3 × Inventory v2-v5)
**Decision**: REJECTED — Too risky for 18-week timeline with 4 frontend devs
### 2. Headless Backend + Separate Frontends (Web + Mobile)
**Approach**: Unified .NET backend + Vue SPA (web) + React Native (mobile)
**Pros**:
- Native mobile experience
- Backend shared code reuse
**Cons**:
- ❌ Scope creep (mobile adds 4-6 weeks)
- ❌ Double maintenance (Vue + React Native)
- ❌ Mobile not in Phase 0-11 scope (can add in Phase 13+)
**Decision**: REJECTED — Out of scope. Mobile deferred to Phase 13+
### 3. Low-Code Platform (OutSystems, Mendix)
**Approach**: Rapid CRUD generation, visual development
**Pros**:
- Fastest CRUD generation
- Less boilerplate code
**Cons**:
- ❌ Vendor lock-in
- ❌ Limited customization for complex workflows (approval matrix, audit trail)
- ❌ Higher TCO (licensing)
- ❌ Team skill atrophy (no real engineering)
**Decision**: REJECTED — Does not meet control + compliance requirements
### 4. Separate Microservices UIs (One SPA per domain: OMS, WMS, ERP)
**Approach**: 3 independent SPAs (micro-frontends without Module Federation)
**Pros**:
- Clear domain separation
- Smaller bundles per SPA
**Cons**:
- ❌ Cross-domain navigation complex (not SPA-like experience)
- ❌ Duplicate components (auth, common UI)
- ❌ Harder to reorder across domains (OMS order → WMS allocation → ERP GL)
- ❌ 3 CI/CD pipelines vs 1
**Decision**: REJECTED — Poor user experience for cross-domain workflows
---
## Implementation Plan (Phases 1-4)
### Phase 1: Dev Environment & CI/CD (Week 1-2)
- [ ] Vite SPA scaffold + TypeScript strict mode
- [ ] Pinia stores structure (orders, inventory, users modules)
- [ ] Axios API client + OpenAPI SDK auto-generation
- [ ] ESLint + Prettier + pre-commit hooks
- [ ] GitHub Actions CI/CD (lint → test → build)
- [ ] Storybook setup (6.0+, TypeScript support)
**Exit Criteria**: All devs can build locally, CI green, Storybook runs
### Phase 2: Primitive & Composite Layers (Week 3-4)
- [ ] Layer 1: 30 Primitive components (Button, Input, Select, etc.)
- [ ] Layer 2: 12 Typed Field components (TextField, DateField, etc.)
- [ ] Storybook documentation for all components
- [ ] WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility audit (axe-core)
- [ ] Unit tests: 70%+ coverage
**Exit Criteria**: Storybook published, all primitives tested, accessibility passed
### Phase 3: Smart Components & State (Week 5-6)
- [ ] Layer 3: 12 Domain Field components
- [ ] Layer 4: 4 Business Composite components (Order, Inventory, Voucher, User)
- [ ] Pinia stores + API integration
- [ ] Integration tests (Vitest + MSW mocks)
- [ ] Real-time data binding
**Exit Criteria**: State management tested, API mocks working, 50 integration tests pass
### Phase 4: CRUD Templates & E2E (Week 7-8)
- [ ] 11 full CRUD forms (List, Create, Read, Edit, Delete)
- [ ] Approval workflows (supervisor sign-off for high-value orders)
- [ ] Pagination + lazy loading
- [ ] 116 E2E test scenarios (Playwright)
- [ ] Responsive design (mobile, tablet, desktop)
**Exit Criteria**: All 11 CRUD screens tested, 116 E2E scenarios pass, Lighthouse 90+
---
## Related Decisions
- **ADR-002** (TBD): Authentication & Authorization (JWT + RBAC)
- **ADR-003** (TBD): State Management Strategy (Pinia module organization)
- **ADR-004** (TBD): Component Library Versioning (npm @quantengine/ui)
- **Strategic Execution Framework** (Spec 61): 30 principles applied
- **OpenAPI Specification** (Spec 63): 30 REST endpoints defined
- **Database Schema** (Spec 64): PostgreSQL 3NF design
---
## Validation Checklist (Phase 0 → Phase 1)
Before proceeding to Phase 1 development:
- [ ] All stakeholders agree on monolithic SPA approach
- [ ] Component taxonomy approved (4-layer hierarchy)
- [ ] 11 CRUD templates mapped to API endpoints
- [ ] OpenAPI spec validated by backend team
- [ ] Database schema approved by DBA
- [ ] Vite scaffold created with TypeScript strict mode
- [ ] CI/CD pipeline (GitHub Actions) functional
- [ ] Team training: Vue 3 Composition API + Pinia + TypeScript
- [ ] Design system finalized (Tabler + custom components)
---
## Appendix A: Bundle Size Strategy
**Target**: Main chunk <500KB (gzip), total <1MB
**Strategy**:
1. **Route-level code splitting**: Lazy-load each CRUD module (orders, inventory, etc.)
2. **Dynamic imports**: `import('./orders/OrderForm.vue')`
3. **Library externalization**: Vue, Pinia, Axios in separate chunks
4. **Tree-shaking**: Remove unused Tabler components at build time
5. **Compression**: Gzip (server) + Brotli (CDN)
**Monitoring**: Bundle analyzer in CI (Phase 5+)
---
## Appendix B: Performance Targets
| Metric | Target | Rationale |
|--------|--------|-----------|
| **First Contentful Paint (FCP)** | <2s | Initial render speed |
| **Time to Interactive (TTI)** | <3s | User can interact |
| **Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)** | <2.5s | Main content visible |
| **Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)** | <0.1 | Visual stability |
| **API response time (P95)** | <250ms | Backend performance |
| **Database query (P95)** | <100ms | Query optimization |
| **Concurrent users (initial)** | 100 | Phase 0-8 capacity |
| **Concurrent users (future)** | 1000+ | Phase 12+ infrastructure scale |
---
## Appendix C: Team Structure (13 FTE)
```
Product Manager (1)
├─ Requirements gathering, stakeholder communication
│
Technical Lead / Architect (1)
├─ Architecture decisions, code review
│
Frontend Development Team (4)
├─ Lead FE Dev (1): Component library, design system
├─ Senior FE Dev (1): State management, API integration
├─ Mid-Level FE Dev (2): CRUD templates, E2E tests
│
Backend Development Team (2)
├─ API development (.NET)
├─ Database optimization
│
UX/UI Designer (1)
├─ Figma designs, accessibility audit
│
QA Team (2)
├─ Automation (Playwright)
├─ Manual testing + UAT coordination
│
DevOps/SRE (1)
├─ CI/CD pipeline, monitoring, deployment
│
Security Specialist (0.5 contractor)
├─ Security audit, OWASP validation
│
Technical Writer (0.5)
├─ API docs, user guides, wiki
```
---
## Sign-Off
- **Product Manager**: _________________ Date: _______
- **Technical Lead**: _________________ Date: _______
- **Backend Lead**: _________________ Date: _______
- **Frontend Lead**: _________________ Date: _______
- **QA Lead**: _________________ Date: _______
---
**Document Version**: 1.0
**Last Updated**: 2026-07-26
**Next Review**: Phase 1 completion (2026-08-09)