diff --git a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/QuantEngine/GameTheoreticPortfolio.cs b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/QuantEngine/GameTheoreticPortfolio.cs
index 5479acec..9bf5dfc6 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/QuantEngine/GameTheoreticPortfolio.cs
+++ b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/QuantEngine/GameTheoreticPortfolio.cs
@@ -89,12 +89,8 @@ public class GameTheoreticPortfolio
         PortfolioAllocation currentAllocation,
         List<MarketMicrostructure> microstructure)
     {
-        var signal = new RebalancingSignal
-        {
-            GeneratedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
-            ShouldRebalance = false,
-            Reasons = new(),
-        };
+        var reasons = new List<string>();
+        var shouldRebalance = false;
 
         // 가중치 드리프트 확인 (>5%)
         var drift = currentAllocation.Assets
@@ -102,21 +98,21 @@ public class GameTheoreticPortfolio
 
         if (drift.Any())
         {
-            signal.ShouldRebalance = true;
-            signal.Reasons.Add("Weight drift exceeds 5%");
+            shouldRebalance = true;
+            reasons.Add("Weight drift exceeds 5%");
         }
 
         // 호가 스프레드 이상
         var badSpread = microstructure
-            .Where(m => m.BidAskSpread > 0.02 * m.MidPrice);
+            .Where(m => (double)m.BidAskSpread > 0.02 * (double)m.MidPrice);
 
         if (badSpread.Any())
         {
-            signal.ShouldRebalance = true;
-            signal.Reasons.Add($"Bid-ask spread widened for {badSpread.Count()} assets");
+            shouldRebalance = true;
+            reasons.Add($"Bid-ask spread widened for {badSpread.Count()} assets");
         }
 
-        return signal;
+        return new RebalancingSignal(DateTime.UtcNow, shouldRebalance, reasons);
     }
 
     private double CalculateVariance(double[] weights, List<AssetProfile> assets)
@@ -172,9 +168,16 @@ public record MarketMicrostructure
     public decimal BidAskSpread { get; init; }
 }
 
-public record RebalancingSignal
+public class RebalancingSignal
 {
-    public DateTime GeneratedAt { get; init; }
-    public bool ShouldRebalance { get; init; }
-    public List<string> Reasons { get; init; } = new();
+    public RebalancingSignal(DateTime generatedAt, bool shouldRebalance, List<string> reasons)
+    {
+        GeneratedAt = generatedAt;
+        ShouldRebalance = shouldRebalance;
+        Reasons = reasons ?? new();
+    }
+
+    public DateTime GeneratedAt { get; }
+    public bool ShouldRebalance { get; }
+    public List<string> Reasons { get; }
 }
diff --git a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Scheduling/SchedulerJobBase.cs b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Scheduling/SchedulerJobBase.cs
index 4b048602..05f25125 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Scheduling/SchedulerJobBase.cs
+++ b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Scheduling/SchedulerJobBase.cs
@@ -18,48 +18,45 @@ public abstract class SchedulerJobBase
 
     public async Task<JobExecutionResult> ExecuteAsync()
     {
-        var result = new JobExecutionResult
-        {
-            JobName = JobName,
-            JobId = JobId,
-            StartedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
-        };
-
         var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        var startTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
         try
         {
             await OnStartingAsync();
             var jobResult = await RunAsync();
 
-            result.Succeeded = jobResult.Succeeded;
-            result.Message = jobResult.Message;
-            result.Data = jobResult.Data;
+            stopwatch.Stop();
+            var result = new JobExecutionResult(
+                JobName, JobId, startTime,
+                DateTime.UtcNow, stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds,
+                true, jobResult.Message, jobResult.Data, null);
 
             await OnCompletedAsync(result);
+            return result;
         }
         catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
         {
-            result.Succeeded = false;
-            result.Message = $"Task cancelled: {ex.Message}";
-            result.Exception = ex;
+            stopwatch.Stop();
+            var result = new JobExecutionResult(
+                JobName, JobId, startTime,
+                DateTime.UtcNow, stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds,
+                false, $"Task cancelled: {ex.Message}", null, ex);
+
             await OnFailedAsync(result);
+            return result;
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            result.Succeeded = false;
-            result.Message = $"Task failed: {ex.Message}";
-            result.Exception = ex;
-            await OnFailedAsync(result);
-        }
-        finally
         {
             stopwatch.Stop();
-            result.CompletedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
-            result.ElapsedMilliseconds = stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
-        }
+            var result = new JobExecutionResult(
+                JobName, JobId, startTime,
+                DateTime.UtcNow, stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds,
+                false, $"Task failed: {ex.Message}", null, ex);
 
-        return result;
+            await OnFailedAsync(result);
+            return result;
+        }
     }
 
     protected abstract Task<JobRunResult> RunAsync();
@@ -84,17 +81,32 @@ public abstract class SchedulerJobBase
     }
 }
 
-public record JobExecutionResult
+public class JobExecutionResult
 {
-    public string JobName { get; init; } = string.Empty;
-    public string JobId { get; init; } = string.Empty;
-    public DateTime StartedAt { get; init; }
-    public DateTime CompletedAt { get; init; }
-    public long ElapsedMilliseconds { get; init; }
-    public bool Succeeded { get; set; }
-    public string Message { get; set; } = string.Empty;
-    public object? Data { get; set; }
-    public Exception? Exception { get; set; }
+    public JobExecutionResult(string jobName, string jobId, DateTime startedAt,
+        DateTime completedAt, long elapsedMs, bool succeeded, string message,
+        object? data, Exception? exception)
+    {
+        JobName = jobName;
+        JobId = jobId;
+        StartedAt = startedAt;
+        CompletedAt = completedAt;
+        ElapsedMilliseconds = elapsedMs;
+        Succeeded = succeeded;
+        Message = message;
+        Data = data;
+        Exception = exception;
+    }
+
+    public string JobName { get; }
+    public string JobId { get; }
+    public DateTime StartedAt { get; }
+    public DateTime CompletedAt { get; }
+    public long ElapsedMilliseconds { get; }
+    public bool Succeeded { get; }
+    public string Message { get; }
+    public object? Data { get; }
+    public Exception? Exception { get; }
 }
 
 public record JobRunResult
diff --git a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Validators/IDataQualityValidator.cs b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Validators/IDataQualityValidator.cs
index 4d002f33..115337e7 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Validators/IDataQualityValidator.cs
+++ b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Core/Validators/IDataQualityValidator.cs
@@ -83,11 +83,11 @@ public record DataQualityReport
     public int StockId { get; init; }
     public DateTime EvaluatedAt { get; init; } = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
-    public CompletenessCheckResult Completeness { get; init; }
-    public FreshnessCheckResult Freshness { get; init; }
-    public ConsistencyCheckResult Consistency { get; init; }
-    public OutlierCheckResult Outliers { get; init; }
-    public DuplicateCheckResult Duplicates { get; init; }
+    public required CompletenessCheckResult Completeness { get; init; }
+    public required FreshnessCheckResult Freshness { get; init; }
+    public required ConsistencyCheckResult Consistency { get; init; }
+    public required OutlierCheckResult Outliers { get; init; }
+    public required DuplicateCheckResult Duplicates { get; init; }
 
     public bool IsValid =>
         Completeness.IsValid &&
diff --git a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Repositories/MarketDataRepository.cs b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Repositories/MarketDataRepository.cs
index 7b7f9285..066c07c2 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Repositories/MarketDataRepository.cs
+++ b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Repositories/MarketDataRepository.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ namespace QuantEngine.Infrastructure.Repositories;
 
 using Dapper;
 using QuantEngine.Core.Repositories;
+using System.Data;
 
 public class MarketDataRepository : IMarketDataRepository
 {
diff --git a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Validators/DataQualityValidator.cs b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Validators/DataQualityValidator.cs
index 0539d70d..665ba710 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Validators/DataQualityValidator.cs
+++ b/src/dotnet/QuantEngine.Infrastructure/Validators/DataQualityValidator.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 namespace QuantEngine.Infrastructure.Validators;
 
 using QuantEngine.Core.Validators;
+using System.Data;
 using System.Linq;
 
 /// <summary>